What Causes Acne

Acne is essentially a hormonal genetic disorder, occurring most often at periods when hormone levels change or become active. It is for this reason that acne is hardly ever seen in children and instead, usually occurs at the time of puberty. In women, it can also occur during other periods of hormonal change, including during the monthly cycle, during pregnancy, and during periods on and off of the birth control pill, and also during menopause.

The main hormone that causes acne is testosterone. In oil glands that are genetically susceptible, testosterone will have two primary outcomes. First of all, it causes a production of a “plug” at the opening of the gland. This “plug” is known as a whitehead (closed comedone) or a blackhead (open comedone). Hormones also cause an increase in sebum production. As oil production increases, the oil gland grows large, which provides a food source for bacteria to grow. The oil gland then ruptures, creating inflammation and the presence of pustules, papules or large inflamed nodules.

There is a great debate on the role of diet in acne. In our opinion, dairy products are the only potential dietary contributor to acne, as cow’s milk may contain hormones, which may result in increased sebum production by the sebaceous glands.

Topical moisturizers rarely play a role in acne, except in a form of acne known as perioral acne. This is because most creams can now be classified as non-comedogenic. However, if a product is too rich or heavy for your skin type, it may still be possible for clogged pores to occur. The best way to avoid these types of breakouts and reactions is to speak with a Dermatologist or Skin Care Specialist who is able to assess your skin and recommend products that will be most suitable for you (Speak to a Skin Care Specialist). Many makeup products also contain pore clogging ingredients that further exacerbate acne breakouts. Acne patients should be looking for mineral makeup that is non-comedogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial (Glominerals, Colorescience). Certain sports equipment and tight clothing which occlude the forehead, face, neck, chest or back may also be capable of clogging pores. Using an alcohol-free toner (Vivier Refreshing Toner) after sweating, in addition to wearing breathable clothing can help to combat these types of breakouts.

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